ChemSpider 2D Image | Azulene | C10H8

Azulene

  • Molecular FormulaC10H8
  • Average mass128.171 Da
  • Monoisotopic mass128.062607 Da
  • ChemSpider ID8876

More details:



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Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users

205-993-6 [EINECS]
275-51-4 [RN]
82R6M9MGLP
Azulen [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Azulene [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Azulène [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Azunol [Trade name]
Bicyclo[0.3.5]deca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene
Bicyclo[5.3.0]deca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaene
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Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users

11650_FLUKA [DBID]
37879_RIEDEL [DBID]
A97203_ALDRICH [DBID]
C13392 [DBID]
CHEBI:31249 [DBID]
D01917 [DBID]
NSC 89248 [DBID]
NSC89248 [DBID]
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties
  • Predicted Physico-chemical Properties
  • Miscellaneous
    • Appearance:

      purple crystals OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Stability:

      Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Toxicity:

      Organic Compound; Aromatic Hydrocarbon; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon; Pollutant; Food Toxin; Natural Compound Toxin, Toxin-Target Database T3D0635
      ORL-RAT LD50 > 4000 mg kg-1, IPR-RAT LD50 180 mg kg-1, SCU-RAT LD50 520 mg kg-1, ORL-MUS LD50 > 3000 mg kg-1, SCU-MUS LD50 56 mg kg-1 OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Safety:

      CAUTION: May irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory tract Alfa Aesar L08271
      Safety glasses. OU Chemical Safety Data (No longer updated) More details
    • Chemical Class:

      A mancude carbobicyclic parent consisting of a cycloheptatriene and cyclopentadiene rings. ChEBI CHEBI:31249
  • Gas Chromatography
    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      1069 (estimated with error: 39) NIST Spectra mainlib_227951, replib_2628, replib_253140, replib_34872
      1296 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.23 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: OV-1; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Engewald, W.; Wennrich, L.; Ritter, E., Molekulstruktur und Retentionsverhalten. XII. Zur Retention von Alkylnaphthalinen Bei der Gasverteilungs- und Gas-Adsorptions-Chromatographie, J. Chromatogr., 174, 1979, 315-323.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1326 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 3.3 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: C78, Branched paraffin; Carrier gas: He; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Dallos, A.; Sisak, A.; Kulcsar, Z.; Kovats, E., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography VII. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with secondary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr. A, 904, 2000, 211-242.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1329.7 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 3.3 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: C78, Branched paraffin; Substrate: Chromosorb G HP; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Reddy, K.S.; Dutoit, J.-Cl.; Kovats, E. sz., Pair-wise interactions by gas chromatography. I. Interaction free enthalpies of solutes with non-associated primary alcohol groups, J. Chromatogr., 609, 1992, 229-259.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1331.2 (Program type: Isothermal; Col... (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 2.4 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: Apolane; Carrier gas: He; Substrate: Chromosorb; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Riedo, F.; Fritz, D.; Tarjan, G.; Kovats, E.Sz., A tailor-made C87 hydrocarbon as a possible non-polar standard stationary phase for gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 126, 1976, 63-83.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Lee):

      223.74 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 6 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 300 C; End time: 20 min; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 9, 1986, 328-334.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      219.95 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 12 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 250 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: SE-52; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.34 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Lee, M.L.; Vassilaros, D.L.; White, C.M.; Novotny, M., Retention Indices for Programmed-Temperature Capillary-Column Gas Chromatography of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Anal. Chem., 51(6), 1979, 768-773.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Normal Alkane):

      1279 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 60 C; End T: 300 C; End time: 35 min; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: Ultra-1; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Elizalde-Gonzalez, M.P.; Hutfliess, M.; Hedden, K., Retention index system, adsorption characteristics, and sructure correlations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fuels, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 19, 1996, 345-352.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1746 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 10 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 200 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: Innowax; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Kaypak, D.; Avsar, Y.K., Volatile and odor-active compounds of tuzlu yoghurt, Asian J. Chem., 20(5), 2008, 3641-3648.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1710 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: CP-Wax 52CB; Data type: Normal alkane RI; Authors: Vernin, G., Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., J. Essent. Oil Res., 3, 1991, 49-53.) NIST Spectra nist ri
    • Retention Index (Linear):

      1311 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.26 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 6 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 300 C; End time: 20 min; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: DB-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Rostad, C.E.; Pereira, W.E., Kovats and Lee retention indices determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for organic compounds of environmental interest, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 9, 1986, 328-334.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1292 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 65 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1.8 K/min; Start T: 100 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: SE-52; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Carugno, N.; Rossi, S., Evaluation of polynuclear hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke by glass capillary columns, J. Gas Chromatogr., , 1967, 103-106.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1706 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl... (show more) ass: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 230 C; CAS no: 275514; Active phase: DB-Wax; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Linear RI; Authors: Shimoda, M.; Wu, Y.; Osajima, Y., Aroma compounds from aqueous solution of Haze (Rhus succedanea) honey determined by adsorptive column chromatography, J. Agric. Food Chem., 44, 1996, 3913-3918.) NIST Spectra nist ri

Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, version: 14.00

Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 220.7±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.2±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 43.9±0.8 kJ/mol
Flash Point: 76.7±8.9 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.632
Molar Refractivity: 44.1±0.3 cm3
#H bond acceptors: 0
#H bond donors: 0
#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0
#Rule of 5 Violations: 0
ACD/LogP: 3.45
ACD/LogD (pH 5.5): 3.29
ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 185.09
ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 1460.85
ACD/LogD (pH 7.4): 3.29
ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 185.09
ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 1460.85
Polar Surface Area: 0 Å2
Polarizability: 17.5±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension: 40.2±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume: 123.5±3.0 cm3

Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agency�s EPISuite™

                        
 Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC):
    Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) =  3.38

 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42):
    Boiling Pt (deg C):  201.06  (Adapted Stein & Brown method)
    Melting Pt (deg C):  -18.37  (Mean or Weighted MP)
    VP(mm Hg,25 deg C):  0.492  (Mean VP of Antoine & Grain methods)

 Water Solubility Estimate from Log Kow (WSKOW v1.41):
    Water Solubility at 25 deg C (mg/L):  35.2
       log Kow used: 3.38 (estimated)
       no-melting pt equation used

 Water Sol Estimate from Fragments:
    Wat Sol (v1.01 est) =  51.404 mg/L

 ECOSAR Class Program (ECOSAR v0.99h):
    Class(es) found:
       Neutral Organics

 Henrys Law Constant (25 deg C) [HENRYWIN v3.10]:
   Bond Method :   4.94E-002  atm-m3/mole
   Group Method:   Incomplete
 Henrys LC [VP/WSol estimate using EPI values]:  2.357E-003 atm-m3/mole

 Log Octanol-Air Partition Coefficient (25 deg C) [KOAWIN v1.10]:
  Log Kow used:  3.38  (KowWin est)
  Log Kaw used:  0.305  (HenryWin est)
      Log Koa (KOAWIN v1.10 estimate):  3.075
      Log Koa (experimental database):  None

 Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
   Biowin1 (Linear Model)         :   0.6865
   Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model)     :   0.7665
 Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
   Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model):   2.9159  (weeks       )
   Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) :   3.6628  (days-weeks  )
 MITI Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model)    :   0.3865
   Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model):   0.2854
 Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
   Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model):  0.1744
 Ready Biodegradability Prediction:   NO

 Hydrocarbon Biodegradation (BioHCwin v1.01):
     LOG BioHC Half-Life (days) :   1.0117
     BioHC Half-Life (days)     :  10.2732

 Sorption to aerosols (25 Dec C)[AEROWIN v1.00]:
  Vapor pressure (liquid/subcooled):  60.3 Pa (0.452 mm Hg)
  Log Koa (Koawin est  ): 3.075
   Kp (particle/gas partition coef. (m3/ug)):
       Mackay model           :  4.98E-008 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  2.92E-010 
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi):
       Junge-Pankow model     :  1.8E-006 
       Mackay model           :  3.98E-006 
       Octanol/air (Koa) model:  2.33E-008 

 Atmospheric Oxidation (25 deg C) [AopWin v1.92]:
   Hydroxyl Radicals Reaction:
      OVERALL OH Rate Constant = 242.5252 E-12 cm3/molecule-sec
      Half-Life =     0.044 Days (12-hr day; 1.5E6 OH/cm3)
      Half-Life =     0.529 Hrs
   Ozone Reaction:
      OVERALL Ozone Rate Constant =     1.795000 E-17 cm3/molecule-sec
      Half-Life =     0.638 Days (at 7E11 mol/cm3)
      Half-Life =     15.323 Hrs
   Fraction sorbed to airborne particulates (phi): 2.89E-006 (Junge,Mackay)
    Note: the sorbed fraction may be resistant to atmospheric oxidation

 Soil Adsorption Coefficient (PCKOCWIN v1.66):
      Koc    :  1367
      Log Koc:  3.136 

 Aqueous Base/Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis (25 deg C) [HYDROWIN v1.67]:
    Rate constants can NOT be estimated for this structure!

 Bioaccumulation Estimates from Log Kow (BCFWIN v2.17):
   Log BCF from regression-based method = 1.903 (BCF = 80.02)
       log Kow used: 3.38 (estimated)

 Volatilization from Water:
    Henry LC:  0.0494 atm-m3/mole  (estimated by Bond SAR Method)
    Half-Life from Model River:      1.169  hours
    Half-Life from Model Lake :      107.7  hours   (4.487 days)

 Removal In Wastewater Treatment (recommended maximum 95%):
    Total removal:              95.22  percent
    Total biodegradation:        0.04  percent
    Total sludge adsorption:     5.68  percent
    Total to Air:               89.51  percent
      (using 10000 hr Bio P,A,S)

 Level III Fugacity Model:
           Mass Amount    Half-Life    Emissions
            (percent)        (hr)       (kg/hr)
   Air       1.1             0.99         1000       
   Water     61.1            360          1000       
   Soil      35.7            720          1000       
   Sediment  2.13            3.24e+003    0          
     Persistence Time: 101 hr




                    

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